The coins. Pontius Pilate is best known for presiding over Jesus ' trial and ordering his crucifixion. Modern authors who feature Pilate prominently in their works include Anatole France, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Chingiz Aitmatov, with a majority of modern treatments of Pilate dating to after the Second World War. The Samaritans were leading an expedition to Mount Gerizim to look for artifacts. What happened to him after his biblical appearance? [168] The tradition may go back to a misread Latin inscription on the tower. [101] Paul Maier notes that no other surviving records corroborate Pilate's suicide, which is meant to document God's wrath for Pilate's role in the crucifixion, and that Eusebius explicitly states that "tradition" is his source, "indicating that he had trouble documenting Pilate's presumed suicide". They wanted Jesus dead. [192] From the eleventh century onward, Pilate is frequently represented as a Jewish king, wearing a beard and a Jewish hat. [120] Earlier coins read on the obverse and on the reverse, referring to the emperor Tiberius and his mother Livia (Julia Augusta). [91] N. T. Wright and Craig A. Evans argue that Pilate's hesitation was due to the fear of causing a revolt during Passover, when large numbers of pilgrims were in Jerusalem. [271] Speaking of Dennen's portrayal in the trial scene, McDonough describes him as a "cornered animal. Pontius Pilate (Pontius Pilatus) lived in the 1st century CE.His name literally means "Pilate of Pontus". [248] Another play focusing on Pilate's death is Cornish and based on the Mors Pilati. By other accounts, Pontius Pilate was sent into exile and committed suicide of his own accord. [30], Pilate was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, during the reign of the emperor Tiberius. Hear their responses inspired by scripture and what the Bible says in regards to an. What happened to Pontius Pilate after the death of Jesus? [255] Henry I. MacAdam describes it as "the 'cult classic' of Pilate-related fiction. 1887, p. 202. [251], John Masefield's play in verse, Good Friday was written in 1916. Pontius Pilate knew that Jesus didn't deserve to die; he even declared Jesus's innocence during the trial. There are no known images of Pilate, but researchers have discovered a few artifacts associated with him. More than Caesar Augustus, or Tiberius, or Caligula, my bet is that the name Pilate registers with more people today than any other Roman of that time. [159], In addition to the report on Pilate's suicide in Eusebius, Grll notes three Western apocryphal traditions about Pilate's suicide. Salome was the daughter of Herod Philip and Herodias. November 9 is the feast-day of Claudia Procula, Pontius Pilate's wife. [218] The Scala sancta, supposedly the staircase from Pilate's praetorium, now located in Rome, is flanked by a life-sized sculpture of Christ and Pilate in the Ecce homo scene made in the nineteenth century by the Italian sculptor Ignazio Jacometti. "[52] More information on the potential fate of Pontius Pilate can be gleaned from other sources. "[288] This, combined with the general lack of information on Pilate's long time in office, has resulted in a wide range of assessments by modern scholars. 23:13-25; Jn. He had the power to inflict capital punishment, and was responsible for collecting tributes and taxes, and for disbursing funds, including the minting of coins. [86] Paul Winter explained the discrepancy between Pilate in other sources and Pilate in the gospels by arguing that Christians became more and more eager to portray Pontius Pilate as a witness to Jesus' innocence, as persecution of Christians by the Roman authorities increased. [210] Pilate's characterization varies greatly from play to play, but later plays frequently portray Pilate somewhat ambiguously, though he is usually a negative character, and sometimes an evil villain. Medieval art frequently portrayed scenes of Pilate and Jesus, often in the scene where he washes his hands of guilt for Jesus's death. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. That is just a bit of Roman humor. Furthermore, what Agrippa wrote of Pilate's character is not the only source of our information. [255] Among other topics, the two anachronistically discuss the meaning of the last judgment and the second coming; Pilate fails to comprehend Jesus's teachings and is complacent as he sends him to his death. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. The Nicene Creed, formulated under Emperor Constantine in AD 325 and emended in AD 381, stated bluntly that Christ 'was crucified under Pontius Pilate'. [115] The inscription read as follows: The only clear items of text are the names "Pilate" and the title quattuorvir ("IIII VIR"), a type of local city official responsible for conducting a census every five years. Others suggest that he was executed during the reign of Emperor Nero. Pilate and his wife arrived at Caesarea in 26. Antiquities of the Jews 18.4.2. Cyclopedia of Biblical Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. In later tradition, she becomes known as Procula (Latin: Procula) or Procla (Ancient Greek: ) and plays a role in various New Testament Apocrypha. [182] In a legend from medieval Rus', Pilate attempts to save Saint Stephen from being executed; Pilate, his wife and children have themselves baptized and bury Stephen in a gilded silver coffin. By the 2nd century AD, the so-called "Acts of Pilate" document began to circulate among Christians. There he lives happily as a farmer and is looked after by his daughter, but suffers from gout and obesity and broods over his time as governor of Judaea. [150] Some Eastern versions of the Gospel of Nicodemus claim that Pilate was born in Egypt, which likely aided his popularity there. [9] Modern historians have differing assessments of Pilate as an effective ruler: while some believe that he was a particularly brutal and ineffective governor, others believe that his long time in office implies reasonable competence. We will start by discovering what history tells us about this leader. Thus says the LORD, Let not a wise man boast of his wisdom, and let not the mighty man boast of his might, let not a rich man boast of his riches; but let him who boasts boast of this, that he understands and knows Me . But the Jews showed so little fear of death, that Pilate relented and removed the standards. McClintock and Strong. So Pontius may have come from Pontus, an ancient land in Northeast Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Was Jesus resurrected on the same day Noah's ark rested on Mt. Pontius Pilate is the fifth procurator of Judea and the subject of the master 's novel. Many of these incidents involve Pilate acting in ways that offended the religious sensibilities of the Jews. [50], The Gospel of Luke mentions in passing Galileans "whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices" (Luke 13:1). Her grand-father was the notorious King Herod, who executed most of his family and was said to have murdered the Innocents when Jesus was born. [136] Bart Ehrman, on the other hand, argues that the tendency in the Early Church to exonerate Pilate and blame the Jews prior to this time reflects an increasing "anti-Judaism" among Early Christians. [287], The main ancient sources on Pilate offer very different views on his governorship and personality. He convicted Jesus of treason and declared that Jesus thought himself King of the Jews, and had Jesus crucified. [84] Yet other scholars, such as Brian McGing and Bond, have argued that there is no real discrepancy between Pilate's behavior in Josephus and Philo and that in the Gospels. There are many different conceptions of what it means to be human. Despite their different cultures and positions, love blossoms despite themselves. So the Jewish leaders drag Jesus before Pilate and try to make their case by piling accusations and pressing Pilate to act, say the Gospels. Antiquities of the Jews 18.4.2. [236] The fifteenth-century German Benediktbeuern passion play depicts Pilate as a good friend of Herod's, kissing him in a reminiscence of the kiss of Judas. [286], The Gospels' deflection of responsibility for Jesus's crucifixion from Pilate to the Jews has been blamed for fomenting antisemitism from the Middle Ages through the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. [176] Per a local legend,[180] the village of Fortingall in Scotland claims to be Pilate's birthplace, but this is almost certainly a 19th-century inventionparticularly as the Romans did not invade the British Isles until 43. But Pilate brought down with him the seamless tunic of Jesus; and he wore it on him in presence of the emperor. Pilate was wary; he wanted to remain on good terms with the Jewish authorities, but he also Mar 3, 2017. [13], Bond argues that Jesus's arrest was made with Pilate's prior knowledge and involvement, based on the presence of a 500-strong Roman cohort among the party that arrests Jesus in John 18:3. [124], Attempts to identify the aqueduct that is attributed to Pilate in Josephus date to the 19th century. On the basis of events which were documented by the second-century pagan philosopher Celsus and the Christian apologist Origen, most modern historians believe that Pilate simply retired after his dismissal. "[54], According to Josephus in his The Jewish War (2.9.2) and Antiquities of the Jews (18.3.1), Pilate offended the Jews by moving imperial standards with the image of Caesar into Jerusalem. (" ?") . [163][164] In the Mors Pilati (perhaps originally 6th century, but recorded c.1300 CE),[165] Pilate was forced to commit suicide and his body thrown in the Tiber. Cyclopedia of Biblical Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature. Russian critics in the 1960s interpreted this Pilate as "a model of the spineless provincial bureaucrats of Stalinist Russia. Home; About us. [247], The fifteenth century also sees Pilate as a character in plays based on legendary material: one, La Vengeance de Nostre-Seigneur, exists in two dramatic treatments focusing on the horrible fates that befell Christ's tormenters: it portrays Pilate being tied to a pillar, covered with oil and honey, and then slowly dismembered over 21 days; he is carefully tended to so that he does not die until the end. He also finds historical the information that their relationship mended following the execution of Jesus. [240] In the Wakefield plays, Pilate is portrayed as wickedly evil, describing himself as Satan's agent (mali actoris) while plotting Christ's torture so as to extract the most pain. The post of governor of Judaea was of relatively low prestige and nothing is known of how Pilate obtained the office. [296] Carter notes this theory arose in the context of the aftermath of the Holocaust, that the evidence that Sejanus was anti-Semitic depends entirely on Philo, and that "[m]ost scholars have not been convinced that it is an accurate or a fair picture of Pilate."[297]. Others suggest that he was executed during the reign of Emperor Nero. [223], The image of Pilate condemning Jesus to death is commonly encountered today as the first scene of the Stations of the Cross, first found in Franciscan Catholic churches in the seventeenth century and found in almost all Catholic churches since the nineteenth century. What happened to Pontius Pilate after the death of Christ? Pontius Pilate[b] (Latin: Pontius Pilatus; Greek: , Pontios Pilatos) was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 AD. He convicted Jesus of treason and declared that Jesus thought himself King of the Jews, and had Jesus crucified. [215], In the modern period, depictions of Pilate become less frequent, though occasional depictions are still made of his encounter with Jesus. Tiberius received the petition and angrily reprimanded Pilate, ordering him to remove the shields. A non-profit, 501(c)3 corporation. Almost immediately, troubles started: soldiers had brought statues of the emperor into Jerusalem, and almost the entire population of Jerusalem marched to Caesarea, imploring the new governor to remove the effigies. Agapius of Hierapolis (10th century historian) said Pilate committed suicide during the first year of Caligula's reign (37-38 AD). [217] In 1830, J. M. W. Turner painted Pilate Washing His Hands, in which the governor himself is not visible, but rather only the back of his chair,[218] with lamenting women in the foreground. [94] This dates the end of Pilate's governorship to 36/37. The fourth-century church historian Eusebius says that though Tiberius remained a pagan, he was sufficiently impressed by Pilate's testimony that he urged the Roman Senate to add Jesus to the official pantheon. [43] He seems to have been free to govern the province as he wished, with intervention by the legate of Syria only coming at the end of his tenure, after the appointment of Lucius Vitellius to the post in 35. Eusebius records the following for us, It is worthy of note that Pilate himself, who was governor in the time of our Savior, is reported to have fallen into such misfortunes under Caius, whose times we are recording, that he was forced to become his own murderer and executioner; and thus divine vengeance, as it seems, was not long in overtaking him. Pontius Pilate [b] ( Latin: Pontius Pilatus; Greek: , Pontios Pilatos) was the fifth governor of the Roman province of Judaea, serving under Emperor Tiberius from 26/27 to 36/37 AD. The Jewish historian Flavius Josephus records these words about Pilate, Now, there was about this time Jesus, a wise man, if it be lawful to call him a man. In doing so, he sided himself against peace with God. 27:15-26; Mk. According to Josephus, Pilate was especially insensitive and oppressive toward the Jews, seeking to abolish their peculiar laws and offending them by displaying in Jerusalem imperial banners bearing the image of Caesar ( Ant 18.3.1; War 2.9.2). I am always suspect of documents like this, so please understand that I am not presenting the "Acts of Pilate" as fact. While there he was charged with murdering someone and was sent to Pontus, which is on the southeastern border of the Black Sea. [241] In the fifteenth-century English Townley Cycle, Pilate is portrayed as a pompous lord and prince of the Jews, but also as forcing Christ's torturer to give him Christ's clothes at the foot of the cross. The fate of Pontius Pilate after the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ is disputed among historians. Why did Pilate give in to the pressure . Pontius Pilate, therefore, by the command of Csar, is taken and brought through to Rome. [214] Images of Pilate were printed in the Biblia pauperum ("Bibles of the Poor"), picture bibles focusing on the life of Christ, as well as the Speculum Humanae Salvationis ("Mirror of Human Salvation"), which continued to be printed into the sixteenth century. This document, allegedly derived from Pilate's own records, says that he and his wife became believers in Jesus. Some influential Christians demurred, however. [267] The 1953 film The Robe portrays Pilate as completely covered with gold and rings as a sign of Roman decadence. [50] Jean-Pierre Lmonon argues that official cooperation with Pilate was limited to the Sadducees, noting that the Pharisees are absent from the gospel accounts of Jesus's arrest and trial. Falvius Josephus. 12. [254], Pilate features prominently in Russian author Mikhail Bulgakov's novel The Master and Margarita, which was written in the 1930s but only published in 1966, twenty six years after the author's death. 3. It appears that Pilate attempted to avoid a direct conflict with the Jewish leaders by hoping that King Herod might release Jesus (Luke 23:7-11). The cities of Lyon and Vienne in modern France claim to be Pilate's birthplace: Vienne has a Maison de Pilate, a Prtoire de Pilate and a Tour de Pilate. The nineteenth century saw a renewed interest in depicting Pilate, with numerous images made. Jeremiah 9:23-24. [79] It is generally assumed, based on the unanimous testimony of the gospels, that the crime for which Jesus was brought to Pilate and executed was sedition, founded on his claim to be king of the Jews. Christians, however, know what true humanity looks like, what it means to be fully human as G Flavius Josephus. John P. Meier notes that in Josephus, by contrast, "Pilate alone [] is said to condemn Jesus to the cross. This may mean they were close, since life in the administrative center of Caesarea would certainly have been more comfortable for her. [239] In several English plays, Pilate is portrayed speaking French or Latin, the languages of the ruling classes and the law. 10. He washed his hands: "When Pilate saw that he could not prevail at all, but rather that a tumult was rising, he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, "I am innocent of the blood of this just Person. [169] The legend exists in many different versions and was extremely widespread in both Latin and the vernacular, and each version contains significant variation, often relating to local traditions.[170]. Nothing is known about his life before he became governor of Judaea, and nothing is known about the circumstances that led to his appointment to the governorship. [92], According to Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews (18.4.12), Pilate's removal as governor occurred after Pilate slaughtered a group of armed Samaritans at a village called Tirathana near Mount Gerizim, where they hoped to find artifacts that had been buried there by Moses. [258] Pilate's burden of guilt is finally lifted by the Master when he encounters him at the end of Bulgakov's novel. [293] According to this theory, following Sejanus's execution in 31 CE and Tiberius's purges of his supporters, Pilate, fearful of being removed himself, became far more cautious, explaining his apparently weak and vacillating attitude at the trial of Jesus. [273] The trial takes place in Pilate's private stables, implying that Pilate does not think the judgment of Jesus very important, and no attempt is made to take any responsibility from Pilate for Jesus's death, which he orders without any qualms. [210] Images of Pilate were especially popular in Italy, where, however, he was almost always portrayed as a Roman,[211] and often appears in the new medium of large-scale church paintings. Pilate 's governorship to 36/37 presiding over Jesus & # x27 ; trial and ordering his crucifixion in. 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